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Misplaced and dangling modifiers; adjective vs. adverb — ACT practice questions

Misplaced and dangling modifiers; adjective vs. adverb is tested on ACT English as a grammar skill. Students must place modifiers next to the words they describe, repair introductory phrases with no logical subject, and choose an adjective for a noun or an adverb for a verb, adjective, or other adverb. The exam typically underlines a word or phrase and asks which option makes the sentence grammatically acceptable. Choices rearrange a phrase or swap adjective and adverb forms. Traps include a fluent-sounding option that attaches a phrase to the wrong noun, or a spoken form that does not match the word being modified.

  • Section: English 50 questions on the paper
  • 47 practice questions in the app

Sample questions

A Stream Returns to Larkhaven

For decades, a narrow stream in the town of Larkhaven ran through a buried concrete pipe. It still carried rainwater downhill, but residents saw only a line of storm drains. When the pipe began to crack, town engineers considered replacing it. A volunteer planning group proposed a different solution: uncover the stream and make it the center of a public walkway. By removing the concrete pipe that was made of concrete1, crews gave the channel room to bend. After nearby homeowners had told planners that flooding was their main concern, planners met with them to discuss the restored-channel design, but they2 were initially concerned about flooding, so planners built a demonstration section before work continued.

During construction, designers varied the channel's depth instead of cutting a uniform trench. Shallow pools hold sudden runoff, while shelves planted with reeds offer cover to insects.3 The curved banks and staggered ledges,4 keep fast water from striking any one point with full force. Each terrace releases water at its own pace, allowing sediment to settle before the flow reaches the lower blocks. Designed to stay dry during storms, pedestrians follow the walkway along these curves5 without entering the floodway.

The project depends on maintenance as much as masonry. Neighborhood volunteers sample water monthly and remove litter before it reaches the planting beds. Those reed shelves also give small fish a place to rest out of the main current.6 On inspection walks, they look past7 the decorative railings to check for blocked outlets. Their work includes testing water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and to record changes in plant growth8. These observations help crews decide which banks need new plants or repositioned stones.

In contrast, several paving stones are pale gray.9 The reopened stream has also become an outdoor classroom. Teachers ask students to compare water speed in straight and curved sections, then connect those measurements to the channel's shape. Families use small signs along the path to identify the purposes of pools, reeds, and ledges. The channel occupies only six blocks, its effects extend beyond them10. By revealing how water moves through a neighborhood, the project makes local infrastructure visible and understandable.

Question 1

Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?

  1. ANo Change
  2. BDesigned to stay dry during storms, the walkway follows these curves
  3. CPedestrians, designed to stay dry during storms, follow the walkway along these curves
  4. DDesigned to stay dry during storms, these curves are followed by pedestrians on the walkway
Show answer

Answer: B — Designed to stay dry during storms, the walkway follows these curves

The introductory phrase Designed to stay dry during storms should modify the walkway, the path built to keep people out of floodwater. No Change and the choice that attaches the phrase to pedestrians make the pedestrians the thing that was designed. The remaining choice makes the curves the designed object, but the curves are channel banks, not the dry path.

Question 2

Which choice makes the sentence most grammatically acceptable?

  1. ANo Change
  2. Bto test water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and recording changes in plant growth
  3. Ctesting water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and recording changes in plant growth
  4. Dtesting water clarity, to clear leaves from grates, and they record changes in plant growth
Show answer

Answer: C — testing water clarity, clearing leaves from grates, and recording changes in plant growth

All three activities should use parallel -ing forms: testing, clearing, and recording.

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